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The defeat and collapse of fascism during the Second World War led most people to believe that "fascism was eliminated completely." However, that has by no means been the case. It is true that the foremost representatives of fascism have been removed from power, but the foundations of their ideology (Darwinism, the love of violence and racism) still survive. For that reason, the death of Hitler or Mussolini did not mean the death of fascism. On the contrary, the widespread belief that "fascism had ceased to exist" only prepared the ground for the development of new fascist groups. Fascism survived, sometimes under its original name, other times by disguising itself. In fact, it enjoyed a particular rise in prominence during the 1990s.
This chapter will examine this new upsurge of fascism and the threat it poses to the world. We shall first see how racism is alive and well in Europe, and then consider the proliferation of neo-Nazi organizations. Finally, we shall identify the ideology behind this phenomenon, the hidden face behind the growing trends in racism.